FOOT AND MOUTH (FMD) DISEASE: UNDERSTANDING THE RISKS AND PROTECTING YOUR HERD
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and certain wildlife species. It poses a serious threat to livestock health, food security, and the agricultural economy, particularly in countries with active livestock trade such as South Africa.
The disease is caused by the FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS (FMDV), which spreads rapidly through direct contact between animals, contaminated equipment, vehicles, clothing, feed and even airborne transmission over short distances. Once introduced, FMD can move quickly through herds, making early detection and strict biosecurity measures critical.
Clinically, affected animals may show fever, excessive salivation, lameness, and characteristic blisters or sores on the mouth, tongue, lips, teats, and between the hooves. Although adult animals often recover, production losses can be severe due to reduced milk yield, weight loss, fertility issues, and long-term movement restrictions. Young animals may suffer higher mortality rates.
In South Africa, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE is a controlled disease under the Animal Diseases Act, and outbreaks result in immediate quarantine, movement bans, and trade restrictions. Farmers, veterinarians, and industry stakeholders play a vital role in preventing the spread of FMD by maintaining strict biosecurity, reporting suspicious symptoms promptly, and complying with veterinary regulations.
Understanding FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE - how it spreads, how to recognise it, and how to prevent it - is essential for protecting livestock, livelihoods, and the broader agricultural sector.
Attached is an article from BoerHier Uitgawe 57 - 5 Februarie 2026 (pg 17 - 18)
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